How To Get A Term Paper Report

How To Get A Term Paper ReportA term paper report is a compilation of all the material that one has accumulated throughout a term and thus, it becomes one of the many types of reports that one is required to submit to his or her professor, whether at school or any other university. It is necessary for an individual to understand that these are what is called academic papers and hence, one has to make sure that they have all the material covered. In fact, there are many such classes that a student can opt for as it is expected that students have already started working on their term papers and have not completed them yet. This is to ensure that these are completed by the time that the term paper deadline is passed.There are some people who simply do not think that these can be a term paper report but that is not the case as it is possible to get different types. Some may include only the term papers, while others will have the extra topics that are discussed. This is indeed to make su re that one does not miss out on anything and that there is an analysis of the topics covered in the term papers.There are many questions that one has to ask oneself when looking for a term paper report. The first is that what exactly does one need to include? If there is only one topic that is included in the term paper, then one needs to make sure that one has all the materials required.Next, one also needs to consider what is considered to be a paper? There are times when it will be a case where the term paper has already been written. This is when one has to make sure that all the topics that are given in the term paper are discussed and that each has been included in the term paper that is being sent for evaluation.It is also important to see how the work has been received by the professor. If there is a good response from the professor regarding the material being included, one needs to look for the basis in terms of feedback that one is getting from the professors and hence, this is very important to know.One is of course expected to write the term paper based on the way that he or she has already worked on it during the term and hence, one also needs to think about all this and take note of the need for additional material. This is necessary as it is an integral part of the process to make sure that one does not miss anything.It is also important to make sure that one has the choice of submission to the professor. This is the reason why one can get the best term paper report that is worth to be used by the professor.

Career Research A Career as a Social Worker Essay

I chose social working as my career because many other people go through tough situations and have a difficult time talking to relatives or friends to help them through a tough situation. I thought of becoming a social worker so I can have the ability to change the lives of others. Social work is one of those careers you can truly make a difference in people’s lives. I want to become a social worker because life isn’t about just helping yourself it’s about helping others as well, which is what social workers do for a living. Child and family social workers protect children and families in need of assistance. Many families and children don’t feel comfortable talking to just anyone about obstacles they have faced in their lives which is why†¦show more content†¦A list of the cities that social working jobs are available in Los Angeles are Santa Clarita, Harbor City, and South Gate. Social work jobs that are available in the area I live in are Wasco, Delano, and Bakersfield. I can see myself having social working as a career for the rest of my life because I like helping people face problems that they can’t face on their own. I love working with children, families, and being able to experience working with others and helping them face obstacles that their facing in their life. One of many reasons I would also enjoy social working as a career would be helping these people overcome obstacles they thought they’d never overcome. While growing up and facing tough situations in life, I always had family and friends there for me which is why I would love to help others and be there for them because it’s a great feeling knowing that you have people there wanting to listen to you and help you through problems. References How Much Education Does a Social Worker Need? Work. Web. 19 May 2014. http://work.chron.com/much-education-social-worker-need-8239.html Child, Family, and School Social Workers. Career Information:. Web. 19 May 2014. http://www.campusexplorer.com/careers/8707A0D1/child-family-and-school-social-workers/ What Is Social Work License Map? Social Work License Map RSS. Web. 19 May 2014. http://socialworklicensemap.com/social-worker-salary/ Social Work Jobs | Social Work Careers | Jobs in SocialShow MoreRelatedMarketing and Career Aspirations Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pageswell. My career aspirations are to be a successful manager in the field of marketing research. Through the process of achievement I want to gain immense knowledge and skills so that I can contribute as much as possible in the society as well as in the organization. My life goal is to be work in every possible way for the betterment of the society and return back to the society. I have always been a keen social worker and will continue to remain so. 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These influences can also be credited to activities that I participated in while growing up. For example, I enjoyed helping my mother care for my younger sibling; this is probably why my strongest interest on the RIASEC spectrum falls within the area of Education andRead MoreChildren And Family Social Worker1612 Words   |  7 Pages8 February 2016 Children and Family Social Worker The social work field is solely dedicated to the giving back of others. A person in the career must be willing to spend hours working to make differences in clients’ lives. Children and family social work can be a very rewarding profession but yet challenging at times. Employees help others in need, advocate for important causes, and all around make positive impacts in the world. Many people interested in social work have personal motivations fromRead MorePersonal Career Analysis : Social Worker Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Career Analysis: Social worker The world is full of social injustices. 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When deciding a career students need to examine different careers, such as a paralegal , journalist, or social workerRead MorePros and Cons of Different Fields in Social Work871 Words   |  4 Pagesin human services will lead into my career in the field of social work. The field of social work is nothing new: Simon Patten coined the term social workers in 1900 (Robert 1995). Literature on aspects of the field, how to get involved in social work, and what type of work a social worker performs will be included in my research. For the purpose of this review, I will focus my research on current information, 2008 to current. The major theme of my research includes looking at the positives andRead MoreIdentifying The Career Path That One1036 Words   |  5 Pages Identifying the career path that one would like to go into after collage is one of the more important decisions someone may make in their lifetime. This question has lingered in my head for a couple of years now, and it has begun to feel like an anchor holding me down. I tried my best to clear my mind and focus less on the future and more on passion. This exercise was to find a career option that I think I may want to explore as a career, not necessarily a decision set in stone. When IRead MoreTime Waits For No One And I Desire1430 Words   |  6 Pageslong lasting social change in each and every individual or family I come in contact with, being their voice, advocacy, intervention, and treatment. In order to actualize this vision my short range goal is to gain acceptance within Walden University Masters of Social Work advancing standing program. Acceptance into the program will give me the education needed to better help each individual I come in contact with. The advance standing program in social work will facilitate my graduate career and makeRead MoreHealth And Mental Health Awareness991 Words   |  4 Pageshealth awareness are a focus in our society and social structure; raising awareness and destigmatizing mental issues has come a long way. Unfortunately, some members of society still fear discrimination and stigmatization. This issue becomes more significant when works who experience high levels of stress do not disclosure their mental issu es to their superiors; This increases the chance of having severe/frequent episodes. One of the main reasons workers do not disclose such information is in fear being

The Top 80s Songs About the Workforce

Essay about Making Social Rights a Human Right - 1741 Words

This paper will discuss why social rights should be human rights. Poverty, capitalism, and government will be the motives used to explain why social rights should be considered human rights and be enforceable in a court of law. Although the costs of social rights would result in higher taxes, the benefits would far exceed the costs. It would greatly reduce the majority of poverty and crime as well as improve overall health within our society. Various aspects of social rights will be examined which include rights to food, health care, childcare, post-secondary education, housing and basic income. This paper will begin by examining poverty and the role social rights could play. This will be followed by examining capitalism and its effects on†¦show more content†¦If an affordable national childcare policy was implemented though out Canada, it would benefit all and help raise families out of poverty. This would be achieved by giving parents especially women the opportunity to re turn to school, work or upgrade education in order to find better paying employment(Raphael, 2007). Children living poverty who have access to childcare may have reduced health problems because of the nutrition offered at the childcare establishment. Lack of a national emergency food organization in Canada affects health negatively. When accessing food banks an address is needed, leaving those who live in absolute poverty without access to basic necessities. Food banks are useful for individuals who are receiving welfare benefits as it helps to provide families with additional food to help them through the month. One of the issues regarding social assistance is the lack of access to fresh produce, due to the fact that it is not affordable and therefore people on social assistance are forced to consume high carb diets resulting in the overall decline of health (Raphael, 2007). In addition to private donations if food banks were funded on provincial or federal level, perhaps the overall health of Canada would improve. According to Raphael (2007) people living in poverty have a greater chance of having a large variety of health problems than those who do not live in poverty. Canadians within theShow MoreRelatedThe Trials Of The Nuremberg1630 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical researchRead MoreEthics And Morals Of Social Work Practice1068 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Ethics and Morals of Social Work Practice. Our everyday interactions are underpinned by ethics. Social work in its sectors deals with people in multiple and complex situations. Social workers largely work with people that are affected by different life aspects such as ethnicity, disabilities and culture. The fundamental concern for social work is to understand how these aspects affect the individuals. Applying normative ethical theory, processes of ethical analysis. Virtue ethics concernedRead MoreWomens Rights1161 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Rights Women’s rights have been slowly progressing throughout the history of our country. 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For example, while some countries were able to achieve the MDGs, in many countries, particularly poor ones, individuals remain in extremeRead MoreEssay Moral Realism847 Words   |  4 Pagesoften-debated theories in regards to moral ethics. Consequentialists rely on which right decision will provide the most amount of good. Followers of deontology however, choose what is right based upon decisions regardless of the possible outcome. For instance, consequentialism as a form of utilitarianism might enable the forfeit of one to save a group whereas deontology wouldn’t allow such a move as the individuals rights are being overlooked. These theories are constantly put the test in the moral trolleyRead MoreEthical Issues Of Social Work Practice1093 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 17: Topic: Ethical issues in Social Work Practice. Our everyday interactions are underpinned by ethics. Social work in its sectors deals with people in multiple and complex situations. Social workers largely work with people who are affected by different life aspects such as ethnicity, disabilities and culture. The fundamental concern for social work is to understand how these aspects affect the individuals. Applying normative ethical theory processes of ethical analysis Virtue ethics concernedRead MoreEmpowerment Of Women And The Development Of Muslim Family Law1507 Words   |  7 Pagesand social backgrounds have a long tradition of rights and responsibilities to live in society with respect and dignity. Though there are difference between men and women in specific aptitude, powers and functions they have to be regarded as complementary to each other. We can’t deny that one sex is making up what other lacks acting in specific sphere in different roles. But throughout the history women observe oppression, maltreatment and discrimination. To provide for the women their rights andRead MoreTo What Extent Is Conservatism a Philosophy of Imperfection?1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes not have one single viewpoint or stance on human nature or imperfection as Conservatism as a whole encompasses different strands or beliefs within it. For example One Nation conservatives have a different philosophy on human imperfection than New Right conservatives do . One Nation conservatives hold the belief that we as humans are: greedy and have a limited capacity for altruism, a complex mix of emotions and contradictory motivations making us irrational, not totally consistent and are atRead MoreThe Right Of Self Determination1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Self Determination Introduction Ian’s Story: His Right to Self Determination, by Robert Alcock (2014), the article aims to highlight an ethical dilemma faced by a social work student on placement in a homeless shelter. The case study draws on ethical frameworks and theories that have been applied during practice and the questions raised at the end of the five-month placement. This critique analyses and evaluates the resolutions made around Ian’s mental capacity to make autonomous decisionsRead MoreLiterature Review : Immigrants And Immigration Canada1583 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses, they are distinct social processes. As such, if the distinction between the two modes of migration, voluntary and involuntary, is not made, the ability to affectively measure and analyze its social processes will not be possible (pp.17-22). In addition to the lack of analysis of social processes of involuntary migration due to the growing blurry line between immigrants and refugees, â€Å"†¦the process of displacement remains largely outside the realm of social scientific theory† (Bakewell,

A Research Study On Conservation Genetics - 2498 Words

Introduction Conservation genetics is actually a recent evolutionary theory and practise of genetics on species in order to reduce their risk of extinction. Some relevant studies improve the role of conservation genetics in specific type of species. There are so many long-lived species worldwide, either amphibians or mammals which nowadays are limited and also distributed in certain areas. Most of them can be found into small, fragmented isolated populations due to pollution, invasion of exotic species, over-exploitation and most important due to habitat loss (Frankham et al 1999). Their amazing long life span shows both advantages and disadvantages. More living diverse species means more stable ecosystem and regular flow of the food†¦show more content†¦Advanced genetic tools using mtDNA, microsatellite markers, protein and some other implements related to genetics, results to significant information of which scientists interpret to conserve species facing current threats. Bears The carnivorous Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.) is a North American subspecies of the brown bear and is nowadays the most widely distributed ursid. Nielsen et al (2006), likens the Grizzly bears as keystone species suitable for discovering conservation habitat modelling from a survival and occupancy framework. During the past century their population have declined noticeably throughout much of North America, mainly due to susceptibility from low density, high trophic level, low reproductive rates and late maturation. Also, the increased illegal human access causes the mortality of most of the grizzly bears. Their demographies has also been changed; the brown bear in the lower 48 states has been reduced to 1% of its original area. The estimated population size has fallen from 100,000 in the early 19th century to 1000 in 1986 (Waits et al 1998). Trophy hunting is

STP Analysis of Amazon.com-Free-Samples-myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Using two examples with which you are familiar, one being a service company and the other a retail Company explain why and how the Companies have developed their STP (segmenting, targeting positioning) strategies. Answer: Introduction Amazon.com, Inc offers a wide range of services and products through its website to four customer sets: sellers, consumers, content creators and enterprises. The products include the content and merchandise sold by the third party vendors with focus on price, selection and convenience. The Company operates in three wide segments: international, North America and Amazon Web Services (Forbes.com 2017). Make My Trip is the leading online travel agency in India which empowers the traveler with comprehensive choice and provides instant booking services. This company provides wide range of services and dedicated customer service along with modern technology. The company holds almost 255 of the market share in online booking services. It has varied retail stores across different cities in India (makemytrip.com 2017). This paper will focus on the segmentation, targeting and positioning of Amazon.com and Make My Trip. STP Analysis Segmentation helps in the promotion of efficient utilization of the firms resources. The marketing activities require a huge sum of money and if the companies do not understand the needs and intentions of the customers, they may end up in huge losses. Segmentation is done on the basis of behavioral, geographical, demographic and psychographic characteristics. Targeting also helps the company to channel the activities and resources to the varied market segments which provides better opportunities. Positioning helps the company to stand apart from the other companies in order to sustain in the market. Positioning helps in the addition of value to the products and services of the company (Laudon and Traver 2013). Segmentation of Amazon.com Market Segmentation entails the division of customers with unique characteristics into different groups. Segmentation helps Amazon to understand the varied characteristics of its customers. Moreover, by grouping the customers on the basis of their similarity in the reactions towards varied marketing factors, customer loyalty and market efficiency can be increased. Segmentation also helps to improve the return on investment (Hollensen 2015). The four basic market segmentation of Amazon is discussed in details below Demographic Segmentation The customers of Amazon are economically and socially better off and have access to varied latest technologies. They mainly target the youth population of the country. The middle and the upper class families who have access to the internet are the targeted customers of Amazon. Amazon targets the youth and the middle age customers who are interested in buying electronic products. Amazon operates in almost 10 countries which has no brick and mortar retail centers (Liu et al. 2015). Geographic Segmentation Amazon has 60% of its sales in North America. The other important markets of Amazon includes Germany (10%), Japan (11%) and UK(8%) according to 2015 report. Amazon also captured the market in Italy, Mexico, Australia, Spain and Netherland. The app of Amazon serves the customers of 200 countries. The net sales of Amazon according to varied geographic segment are shown in the below figure: Fig- Net Sales of Amazon according to Geographic segment Source-www.barefigure.es Psychographic Segmentation Amazon targets the customers who prefer to buy the products online in an affordable price. The middle class and the upper class working customers prefer to choose Amazon. Amazon targets the traditional, conservative and the modern society. It sells products which are preferred by both the sections of the society. Behavioral Segmentation Amazon targets the internet savvy customers who prefer online shopping. They also give huge discounts to attract these customers. The customers who want to try new products or services are the targeted customers of the company. Amazon targets the easy going, ambitious and determined customers. The customers who are aware of the quality are the major customers of Amazon (Klauss 2013). Targeted market of Amazon.com The customers who prefer online shopping are the targeted customer base of Amazon. The customers must also have access to financial tools such as credit cards, debit cards, PayPal. The items offered in sale by Amazon suggest that they target the customers of all age group, young and old. The online site is designed in such a way so that it becomes easier even for a person who does not possess proper computer knowledge. It does not aim at a specific target group because it offers products for all the people from varied walks of life and choice. The Prime program of Amazon attracted the young customers rather than the old and the survey depicts that younger and wealthier customers are using their website for purchasing varied range of products such as apparels. The prime customers are increasing the sale of Amazon (fortune.com 2017). Positioning of Amazon.com Positioning is important for every business venture because transparent and advantageous position in the mind of the customers leads the business towards success. Advertisement is a very useful aspect and Amazon is developing various advertisements to win the hearts of the customers especially towards electronic products. Amazon has also selected the right distribution channel which is an important aspect through which the company can get a valuable position in the market. Amazon also offers good quality product at affordable and cheap price (cnbc.com 2017). The positioning strategy is shown in the diagram below: Fig- Positioning Map of Amazon.com Source-Authors Creation Segmentation of Make My Trip Make My trip is the market leader in the online booking of hotels, air tickets and other packages which accounts for nearly 48% of the total revenue. Segmentation of the customers based on their spending ability is important for this company. It is also important to identify the behavior of the tourist as well as the choice so that it becomes easier for the company to sustain and compete in the market. Demographic Segmentation online booking site. The hotel packages are offered on huge discounts which attracts the customers. The company is earning 70% of the revenue from the hotel packages. The customers who preferred to travel by air were the potential customers but with the passage of time, it is trying to expand in the non-air market by 2018. Geographic segmentation The travel and tourism industry is highly fragmented and deeply penetrated. The slow penetration of internet in India has affected the business of the company. It is trying to expand in the major cities of India and is setting up stores in varied locations. sychographic Segmentation The leisure travelers, business executives, international travelers and customers who prefer to spend their vacations in ship crews are the potential customers of the company. The company targets the conservative and the traditional customers and offers attractive discounts and holiday packages. The company is a trying to expand in other fields such as arranging wild life camps and mountain sports (business standard.com 2017). Behavioral segmentation People who prefer to book their air tickets or hotels online are the targeted customers of Make My Trip. The luxurious travelers and quality conscious people prefer to book tickets through this company. Moreover, the customers can book the tickets at affordable price compared to the other competitors in the market (Ho et al. 2017). Targeted market of Make My Trip The customers who prefer online booking of hotels and ticket are the targeted customers of the company. The targeted customers are both the domestic and international visitors. The international visitors help to bring foreign exchange which benefits the company as well the country. The customers who opt for hotel packages are the major customer segment of the company. In 2015-16, the company has earned $336.1 million and 50% of its revenue was from hotel packages and the other from the sale of air tickets. The increasing use of app of the company will also boost up the sales. The customers who use the debit card, credit cards or EMI facilities are the targeted customers of the company (economic times.com 2017). Positioning of Make My Trip Make My Trip positions itself as the pioneer in online travel and provides memorable holiday packages for the travelers. It is trying to be travel partner which can motivate and inspire the people to travel. It is trying to fulfill the travel ambition of the customer and setting up attractive taglines such as Dil to roaming hain. It is also trying to capture the hotel packages and collaborating with the luxury hotels to make the holidays of its customers memorable. The positioning map of Make My trip is shown in the diagram below: Fig: Positioning map of Make My Trip Source-Authors Creation Conclusion Thus, it can be said that the segmentation, targeting and positioning is important for any company to capture the market. Segmentation of Make My trip and Amazon will help to select the correct customer base and align the services and products according to their needs. Targeting helped the company to create a strategic marketing plan for the customers. Positioning helps to create new customers and boost up the existing customers in the market. Reference List barefigur.es 2017.Net sales structure: Geographic segments. [online] Available at: https://barefigur.es/companies/amazon/geographic-segments/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. business-standard.com 2017.MakeMyTrip to focus on hotels packages segment. [online] Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/makemytrip-to-focus-on-hotels-packages-segment-113062200406_1.html [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. cnbc.com 2017.Next stop for Amazon is most valuable company on the planet. [online] Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/24/amazon-to-be-most-valuable-company-on-the-planet-analyst-predicts.html [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. economictimes.indiatimes.com 2017.Hotels, packages segment to be major growth driver: MakeMyTrip. [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/hotels-packages-segment-to-be-major-growth-driver-makemytrip/articleshow/53138357.cms [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. forbes.com 2017.Amazon.com. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/amazon/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. fortune.com 2017.Amazon Prime Is Gaining Steam, Posing an Even Bigger Threat to Walmart, Target. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2015/12/03/amazon-prime-walmart-target/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017] Ho, C., Mulley, C., Tsai, C.H., Ison, S. and Wiblin, S., 2017. Area-wide travel planstargeting strategies for greater participation in green travel initiatives: a case study of Rouse Hill Town Centre, NSW Australia.Transportation,44(2), pp.325-352. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. London:Pearson Education. Klaus, P., 2013. The case of Amazon. com: towards a conceptual framework of online customer service experience (OCSE) using the emerging consensus technique (ECT).Journal of Services Marketing,27(6), pp.443-457. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. London:Pearson Education. Liu, Y., Li, H., Peng, G., Lv, B. and Zhang, C., 2015. Online purchaser segmentation and promotion strategy selection: evidence from Chinese E-commerce market.Annals of Operations Research,233(1), pp.263-279. makemytrip.com 2017.about makemytrip. [online] Available at: https://www.makemytrip.com/about-us/company_profile.php [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017].

Bedtime Sleep Problems for Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Bedtime Sleep Problems for Health. Answer: Introduction: Bedtime sleep problems and crying episodes is common in infants and young children. The stress level of parents often increases due to their inability to manage sleep problems in their children. Children are often found to remain awake either for certain durations at night or they wake up frequently at nighttime. This symptom bedtime awakening and sleep problems come under the category of Behavioral insomnia of childhood and research has showed 20-30% prevalent rate of bedtime problems in infants and preschoolers. Parental presence is also a predictor of sleep disturbance and child temperament determined future sleep difficulties (Honaker and Meltzer 2014). Research also pointed out to the impact of breastfeeding practices in the problem of night awakening (Mindell et al., 2012). The adverse outcome of such problem in children includes poor daytime behavior, high BMI, decreased health related quality of life and injuries in children. Parents of such children were found to have poor p hysical health and mental peace (Honaker and Meltzer 2014). In the past year several behavioral interventions has been suggested that can be employed by parents to reduce night awakening in children and Rickert. and Johnson 1988 compared the efficacy of scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring intervention on reducing night awakening and crying episodes of children. The purpose of the report is to find other relevant articles related to the topic and appraise the research by Rickert and Johnson 1988 to decided which interventions should be funded. It also gives recommendation to ensure parents comply with the intervention easily without any resistance. Search strategy: The research study by Rickert and Johnson (1988) used randomized control study design to compare the effect of scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring on reducing nocturnal awakening crying episode in children. The research finally concluded that scheduled awakening is better than systematic ignoring to manage night awakening in children. However, to decided whether the intervention of scheduled awakening should be funded or not, it is necessary to review other research studies to analyze what has been covered in literature regarding the effectiveness of scheduled awakening for addressing night awakening in young children. The relevant research article relate to the topic is retrieved from the databases like CINAHL, Cochrane library, MedLine, Google scholar and PsychINFO. The search process was filtered by setting the date between 2008 to 2017. The inclusion criteria for taking the articles were all the articles must be published in English language and they must cover the interv ention related to nocturnal awakening in small children. The main search terms were nocturnal awakening, nocturnal awakening and crying episodes, interventions for nocturnal awakening and impact of scheduled awakening in addressing nocturnal awakening. The studies, which did not mentioned about any interventions related to the topic was not included. Literature search: The data collected from the literature search were tabulated by including the author name, date, journal sources, key findings and notes. The outcome of the literature search and key findings are as follows: Author(s) Year Journal (Source) Findings Note Galbiati et al. 2015 Behavioral neurology The study reviewed behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for management of parasomnia. It reviewed many interventions and the results for scheduled awakening (Awaking the child before the onset of crying episode) was that the evidence regarding the effectiveness of this intervention was very weak. Although scheduled awakening intervention is a low risk intervention, however special attention should be given not to make children sleep deprived. Sarah, Hayley, and Hauck 2016 Children The research evaluated the reasons for parents resistance of sleep extinction interventions which emphasized on ignoring childs cry for a certain period. The findings of the research showed that parents concern regarding such interventions has not been investigated and there is no negative impact on parents or children in the long term. The study indicated that sleep extinction interventions are successful in eliminating night waking episodes, however as many parents disagree to such interventions, other choices must be provided to them. In general, behavioral sleep interventions are effective in bringing significant change in children Meltzer Mindell 2014 Journal of pediatric psychology All evidence regarding behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia was reviewed in this study and the study results showed that behavioral treatment improves certain sleep related parameters such as sleep-onset latency, night awakening frequency and night awakening duration. However, moderated level of evidence is present regarding and more work is needed to validate the finding The study provided support for interventions like scheduled awakening, bedtime fading and scheduled awakening however there was lack of evidence to prove it as well established intervention Fehr, Russ. and Ievers-Landis 2016. 2016 Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology This research evaluated the effectiveness of including cognitive behavioral play intervention with parent behavior management to address sleeping difficulty in children. The intervention was found to reduce anxiety and stress in children. Randomized study is needed to establish the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral play intervention Tikotzky Sadeh 2010 Sleep medicine The research evaluated the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in behavioral childhood insomnia and results gave support regarding the positive effect of the intervention on addressing sleep problem The study mentioned about ignoring the childs cry and leaving them so that they fall sleep and randomized controlled studies proved it beneficial for treating night waking problem. In addition, scheduled awakening was given less favour because parents do not comply with the procedur. Critical appraisal: The critical appraisal of the Rickert and Johnson (1988) work has been done by the application of RCT CASP tool and the results are as follows: Screening Question Focussed issue in trail: For analyzing any randomized controlled trial (RCT), it is necessary that the paper has clear statement regarding the population studied, intervention provided , comparator analysed and the outcome considered. Rickert. and Johnson (1988) stated the purpose of study by giving the clear statement regarding studying the effectiveness of scheduled awakening (intervention) and systematic ignoring (comparator) on reducing nocturnal awakening crying episode (outcome) in toddlers and infants (population studied). This statement clearly defined the focused issue in trial. Randomization of patients to treatment: As RCT studies mainly compares the effect of an intervention on treatment group and control group, it is critical to prevent biasness in study findings by means of randomization to treatment and allocation concealment. This means that the person involved in randomizing patients to different group should not be aware about the next treatment allocation. This is done by keeping a randomization code. This may be either unique code or explicit codes (Dettori 2010). Rickert and Johnson (1988) selected 33 children between 6 months to 54 months and the children were randomly assigned to the different condition. Different groups included control groups, systematic ignoring group and scheduled awakening group. Hence, it is seen that explicit randomized coding approach has been used to minimize bias and confounding factors in the study. Consideration of all patients till conclusion: A common limitation seen in RCT studies is that researchers fail to follow up with the participants after the implementation of intervention. This affects the strength and validity of the trial. Attrition effects occur because failure to follow up results in missing important data at one point or another. This form of attrition effect is seen in RCT study comparing nocturnal awakening and scheduled awakening (Dumville et al. 2006). This was seen because earlier 50 children were included in the study, but 17 children dropped out in between the study. However, the researcher focused on reducing the attrition effects by instructing all parents not to parents not to implement any treatment if their child was ill. This also reflects that follow up was kept regarding illness in any child in between the research. The attrition effect was further minimized by extending the treatment for those child who fell sick between the study. Therefore, total treatment days in the study was 5 days and i t was modified for those who child who fell ill (Rickert and Johnson 1988). Detailed Question Blinding to treatment: Blinding is another approach to minimize biasness and increase the vigour of study. This is done by process to ensure that no one, neither the participants not the research analyst is aware of the allocation of groups treatment. Based on the number of individuals from whom allocation is concealed, it is classified into single blind and double blinding. The more number of persons are blinded, the better is the assessment of study results (Karanicolas et al., 2010). While analyzing Rickert and Johnson (1988), it has been found that single blinding was done to enhance the research analysis process. For example, all participants were randomized to three treatment conditions and participants got to know about their assigned group only after the data related to the daily schedule of awakening was collected from each participants. The randomization to treatment group was also done by predetermining the group for each family before the home visit. The process of blinding is also understood f rom another research articles which aimed to determine the long benefits or harms of infant behavioral sleep programs on child, child and parent; and maternal outcomes. In that study, single blinding was seen however here the allocation was concealed from the researchers and not the parents unlike the above study (Price et al., 2012). Similarity of the group at the start of the trial Similarity of the group at the start of the trial is determined by researchers consideration to maintain the same baseline data for the participants. Having similar baseline variables for all participants is also important this also has an impact of study results. Baseline variable is related to age, education, social class or disease severity in participants. Adjustment in baseline variables provides protection against chance bias (Higgins et al. 2011). The equality in baseline variable was maintained by Rickert and Johnson (1988) by recruiting children between 5 to 54 months only. However, similarity in family type was not seen as single parent families and two parents both were taken for the trial. Different in terms of demographic variables was also seen because subjects came from small towns and cities too. This may also give a prediction regarding the impact of sociocultural variable on child crying and nocturnal awakening problem. In another research study, the main focus was on including participants based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as it aimed to evaluate strategies for improving sleep problems in children with ADHD. This helped to balance baseline data for the study (Hiscock et al., 2015). Equal treatment of groups Equal treatment of participants groups is determined by researchers consideration regarding the factors that will influence the performance of one group from another. In the study by Rickert and Johnson (1988), three groups of participants were present and equality in treatment was done by maintaining separate data for those children for became ill. As illness in any child would have impact of crying episodes and nocturnal awakening, this data was deleted and length of treatment was extended for such group. This ensures that no biased data is collected and it enhanced the validity of the research work. Result Treatment effect Treatment effect is related to the key outcomes measured and the comparison in mean outcomes between treatment group and control group. Rickert and Johnson (1988) analyzed the difference in all group by conducting one way analysis of variance for all groups on the basis of baseline data such age and frequency of crying and awakening episodes. The benefits of this approach was that it helped to conclude that mean number of night awakening and crying episodes was the same for all groups before the interventions. Post the intervention, the main outcome variable that was measured included number of spontaneous awakening and crying episodes. Among all groups, children in systematic ignoring group was found to have lesser number of awakening in the past 8 weeks. However, difference in awakening for systematic ignoring group was found only in week 3. Finally, in term of treatment effect, it was find that main effects for group did not achieved statistical significance. An effect was found o nly for a week, which was small. The research study by Hiscock et al. (2014) also analyzed the treatment effect by evaluating different between groups at follow up and no differential effects were found for infants who were first born or later born. Preciseness of the treatment effect The width of the confidence interval determines the preciseness of the treatment effects. In the study comparing systematic ignoring and scheduled awakening, it was found that the treatment effect was large. This is because wide variability were found in control group after reviewing the scatterplot analysis. Another research article evaluating prevention program for infant sleep and cry problems analysed the study results by calculations of confidence interval (Hiscock et al. 2014). Application Of Results Locally Application of the result in the local population The validity and reliability of any research is understood if the outcome of the results can be easily applied in the local setting. From the analysis of study result, it was found that both systematic ignoring and scheduled awakening yielded positive outcome for children. The study showed that systematic ignoring gives better and faster outcomes compared to scheduled awakening which is effective but a slow process. Although there is empirical evidence supporting systematic ignoring for reducing night awakening in children, however this intervention cannot be locally applied. This is because majority of parents resist the idea of letting their child cry it out and leaving them alone. Hence, to apply this locally, parents needed to be taught about the strategies to ignoring the childs cry. Therefore, scheduled awakening is most likely to be applied in local setting when parents are unwilling to let their child cry out. However, one work that is needed before implementing it is to iden tify better strategies for effectively implementing it in community setting (Tikotzky Sadeh 2010). Consideration of clinically important outcomes The main target of Rickert and Johnson (1988) to bring changes in childs outcome of crying and night awakening, however as such issues increases stress level and health of children, it was necessary to consider such clinical outcomes too. However, the researcher considered only the frequency of night awakening and not other clinical outcomes such as health of child and parents after the intervention. This is the limitation of the study and future research work in this area is required. Value of research Overall, the benefit of the research is high because the author efficiently presented the pros and cons in each intervention. Secondly, considering the level of acceptance of each intervention in local setting, the researcher also suggested the areas where more work is needed so that parents as well as other groups can easily implement this intervention. Conclusion: The main purpose of this report was to analyze whether the intervention of scheduled awakening or systematic ignoring should be funded or not. Based on critical appraisal of the research articles by Rickert and Johnson (1988) and comparing it with similar peer reviewed journals, it has been found that scheduled awakening is a beneficial intervention based on its influence on addressing sleep problems and level of acceptability among parents. Hence, this interventions should definitely be funded and investment should be done to train clinicians regarding effective way in which this intervention can be applied in children. 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